Bio-FGC Building System and Industry Transfer

Research Project 1-3 (RP 1-3)

IntCDC Research Project 1-3 – Bio-FGC Building System and Industry Transfer
BIO-FUNCTIONALLY GRADED CONCRETE BUILDING SYSTEM AND INDUSTRY TRANSFER

The project broadens the scope of functionally graded concrete (FGC) by integrating bio-mineralisation (Bio-FGC) and by leveraging the FGC technology for multiple purposes through integration into the building envelope (Multi-FGC).

Bio-FGC is a result of microbially induced calcite precipitation (MICP) in combination with 3D-Printing: calcium carbonate (CaCO3) is formed in selected areas as a binder through bacterial activity. Through image-based material characterisation of the internal microstructure of Bio-FGC the related material properties will be better predictable and the process will be optimised. A collaboration with RP 38-1 on green infrastructures is planned.

Multi-FGC focusses on developing an integrated design routine for elements that meet structural and building physics criteria. This will be achieved by expanding the previously developed computational design methods by integrating building physics parameters. The research will be carried out in collaboration with RP 3-3 (building physics expertise), and with RP 40-1 (case studies based on an existing building envelope).

Overall the project will address the gap between basic research and market adoption in terms of potential Industry transfer. The successfully applied FGC technology in the IntCDC building will be investigated and reccomendations will be formulated to support the  early-stage development of Bio-FGC. Further building technologies will be analysed (RP 4-3, RP 36-1). The framework will be validated with an AI-based analysis in collaboration with RP 26-2.

PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATORS

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Lucio Blandini
Principal Investigator
Institute for Lightweight Structures and Conceptual Design (ILEK)
Cluster of Excellence IntCDC

Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. Dr. h.c. Oliver Sawodny
Board of Directors
Institute for System Dynamics (ISYS)
Cluster of Excellence IntCDC

PARTICIPATING RESEARCHERS

Univ.-Prof. Dr. rer. pol. Dr. techn. h. c. Alexander Brem
Participating Researcher
Institute of Entrepreneurship and Innovation Science (ENI)
Cluster of Excellence IntCDC

RESEARCHERS

Amay Shah M.Sc. 
Doctoral Researcher
Institute for Lightweight Structures and Conceptual Design (ILEK)
Cluster of Excellence IntCDC

Carl Niklas Haufe M.Sc.
Doctoral Researcher
Institute for Lightweight Structures and Conceptual Design (ILEK)
Cluster of Excellence IntCDC

Noëlle Ariaux M.Sc. 
Doctoral Researcher
Institute for System Dynamics (ISYS)
Cluster of Excellence IntCDC

Melanie Gschweng M.Sc. 
Doctoral Researcher,
Institute for System Dynamics (ISYS)
Cluster of Excellence IntCDC

Dr. rer. pol. Dipl.-Ing. Petra Nylund 
Postdoctoral Researcher
Institute of Entrepreneurship and Innovation Science (ENI)
Cluster of Excellence IntCDC

 

PEER-REVIEWED PUBLICATIONS

  1. 2026

    1. Blandini, L., Chwalek, K., Bolay, J., Haufe, C. N., & Köhler, B. (2026). Ressourceneffizientes und kreislaufgerechtes Umbauen von Fassaden. Stahlbau, 95, Article S1. https://doi.org/10.1002/stab.70082
    2. Wehmeier, M., Parlapanis, C., & Sawodny, O. (2026). Modeling and identification of a hydraulic poppet valve. Control Engineering Practice, 168, 106710. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conengprac.2025.106710

  2. 2025

    1. Ariaux, N., Wasserloos, P., Gienger, A., & Sawodny, O. (2025). Real-Time Vision-Based Target Pose Estimation for Robotic Screwing in Timber Construction Using Edge AI. 1st IFAC Workshop on Engineering and Architectures of Automation Systems (EAAS 2025).
    2. Strahm, B., & Blandini, L. (2025). Investigations on a Demountable Connection for Reusable Concrete Slab Segments. IABSE Symposium, Tokyo 2025: Environmentally Friendly Technologies and Structures: Focusing on Sustainable Approaches, 121, 2622–2629. https://doi.org/10.2749/tokyo.2025.2622
    3. Strahm, B., & Blandini, L. (2025). Design Method for Generating a Stock of Segments for Reusable Concrete Slabs. Circularity in the Built Environment: Proceedings of the 2025 Conference Held in Tampere, Finland, September 16–18 2025.
    4. Strahm, B., Haufe, C. N., & Blandini, L. (2025). Investigations on the shear load‐bearing behavior of functionally graded concrete beams with mineral hollow spheres. Structural Concrete. https://doi.org/10.1002/suco.202401276

  3. 2024

    1. Blagojevic, B., Houriez, N., Gienger, A., & Sawodny, O. (2024). Modeling and Volume Flow Control of a Hydraulic Concrete Piston Pump. 2024 IEEE Conference on Control Technology and Applications (CCTA), 612–617. https://doi.org/10.1109/CCTA60707.2024.10666564
    2. Haufe, C., Strahm, B., Nigl, D., & Blandini, L. (2024). A Rapid Digital Pre-Design Process for Functionally Graded Concrete with Mineral Void Formers. Proceedings of the 15th fib International PhD Symposium in Civil Engineering.
    3. Nigl, D., Vetter, E. P., & Blandini, L. (2024). Experimental investigations of bent basalt fiber composite tendons for post-tensioned graded concrete components.
    4. Teichmann, A., Strahm, B., Garrecht, H., & Blandini, L. (2024). Effects of a two-stage mixing process on the characteristics of concrete: Part I - Hardened concrete characteristics. Results in Materials, 23, 100604. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rinma.2024.100604

  4. 2023

    1. Blagojevic, B., Gienger, A., Nigl, D., Blandini, L., & Sawodny, O. (2023). Modelling, Feedforward Control and Constrained Trajectory Generation for a Concrete Conveyance System. Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control.
    2. Blagojevic, B., Gienger, A., & Sawodny, O. (2023). Dynamics of Path Following and Constrained Path Synchronization Applied to Graded Concrete Element Fabrication. 2023 IEEE 19th International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering (CASE), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1109/CASE56687.2023.10260681
    3. Blagojevic, B., & Sawodny, O. (2023). Path Planning for Graded Concrete Element Fabrication. Construction Robotics.
    4. Blandini, L., Kovaleva, D., Haufe, C. N., Nething, C., Nigl, D., Nitzlader, M., Smirnova, M., Strahm, B., Bosch, M., Funaro, D., & Nistler, M. (2023). Leicht bauen mit Beton – ausgewählte Forschungsarbeiten des ILEK – Teil 2: Strukturleichtbau. Beton- Und Stahlbetonbau, 118, Article 5. https://doi.org/10.1002/best.202300026
    5. Blandini, L., Kovaleva, D., Nething, C., Nigl, D., Smirnova, M., Strahm, B., Eppinger, E., & Teichmann, A. (2023). Leicht bauen mit Beton – ausgewählte Forschungsarbeiten des ILEK – Teil 1: Materialleichtbau. Beton- Und Stahlbetonbau, 118, Article 5. https://doi.org/10.1002/best.202300025
    6. Haufe, C. N., Nigl, D., & Blandini, L. (2023). Investigations On The Load-bearing Behaviour Of Continuous Functionally Graded Concrete Beams: Vol. Proceedings of the International fib Symposium on the Conceptual Design of Concrete Structures held in Oslo, Norway (F. I. du Béton – International Federation for Structural Concrete, ed.). Fédération Internationale du Béton – International Federation for Structural Concrete. https://www.fib-international.org

  5. 2022

    1. Blandini, L. (2022). Lightweight and Sustainable Concrete Structures: The ILEK Research Strategy. Proceedings of the Fib International Congress 2022 in Oslo, Norway.
    2. Frost, D., Gericke, O., Di Bari, R., Balangé, L., Zhang, L., Blagojevic, B., Nigl, D., Haag, P., Blandini, L., Jünger, H. C., Kropp, C., Leistner, P., Sawodny, O., Schwieger, V., & Sobek, W. (2022). Holistic Quality Model and Assessment—Supporting Decision-Making towards Sustainable Construction Using the Design and Production of Graded Concrete Components as an Example. Sustainability, 14, Article 18. https://doi.org/10.3390/su141811269
    3. Gericke, O., Blandini, L., & Sobek, W. (2022). Rigid Implant Connections for Thin-Walled Concrete Beams. Proceedings of the Fib International Congress 2022 in Oslo, Norway.
    4. Miller, O., Gericke, O., Nigl, D., Kovaleva, D., & Blandini, L. (2022). Simulation-Based Investigations of the Load-Bearing Behavior of Concrete Hollow Sphere Slabs Exposed to Fire. Fire, 5, Article 6. https://doi.org/10.3390/fire5060197
    5. Nigl, D., Gericke, O., Blandini, L., & Sobek, W. (2022). Numerical investigations on the biaxial load-bearing behaviour of graded concrete slabs. Proceedings of the Fib International Congress 2022 in Oslo, Norway.

  6. 2021

    1. Yang, Y., Balangé, L., Gericke, O., Schmeer, D., Zhang, L., Sobek, W., & Schwieger, V. (2021). Monitoring of the Production Process of Graded Concrete Component Using Terrestrial Laser Scanning. Remote Sensing, 13, Article 9. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13091622

OTHER PUBLICATIONS

  1. 2025

    1. Blagojevic, B. (2025). Über die automatisierte Herstellung funktional gradierter Betonbauteile. https://doi.org/10.2370/9783819100000

  2. 2024

    1. Kaplan, M., Haufe, C., Frick, J., & Blandini, L. (2024). Non-destructive Ultrasonic Wall Thickness Measurement of Mineral Hollow Bodies. Otto Graf Journal, 23.

  3. 2020

    1. Alhamdani, I. A. H. (2020). Investigation of the web layout in thin-walled hollow core slabs made from carbon fibre reinforced concrete.
    2. Sahin, A. (2020). Investigations on transferring tensile forces out of thin-walled concrete components.
    3. Trunzer, P. (2020). Investigation on modular sand formwork for the waste-free production of concrete components.
    4. Vorholzer, M. (2020). Investigations of connections and supports of concrete slabs in multi-storey buildings with regard to resulting mass saving potentials.
    5. Yang, Y. (2020). Investigation for position determination of hollow sphere integrated in concrete components during component production.
    6. Zhang, H. (2020). Development of an implant for the optimised support of prefabricated slabs made of fibre-reinforced concrete.

DATA SETS

  1. 2025

    1. Teichmann, A. (2025). Replication Data for: Exploring the Predictive Potential of Sequential Data in Concrete Manufacturing [DaRUS]. https://doi.org/10.18419/DARUS-4780
    2. Teichmann, A. (2025). Replication Data for: Effects of a Two-Stage Mixing Process on the Characteristics of Concrete: Part II - Fresh Concrete Rheology and Measurement Protocols [DaRUS]. https://doi.org/10.18419/DARUS-5351

  2. 2024

    1. Strahm, B., Haufe, C., & Blandini, L. (2024). Replication Data for: Investigations on the Fire Behavior of Functionally Graded Concrete Slabs with Mineral Hollow Spheres [DaRUS]. https://doi.org/10.18419/darus-4194
    2. Strahm, B., Haufe, C., & Blandini, L. (2024). Replication Data for: Numerical and Experimental Investigations on the Shear Load-Bearing Behavior of Functionally Graded Concrete Components [DaRUS]. https://doi.org/10.18419/darus-3875

  3. 2023

    1. Teichmann, A., Strahm, B., Garrecht, H., & Blandini, L. (2023). Compressive strength measurement data [DaRUS]. https://doi.org/10.18419/darus-3753

    

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