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Integrative Computational Design and Construction for Architecture (T3.0)
Research
Research Projects
RP 3-3 – Resource-efficient and Circular Timber Building System

Resource-efficient and Circular Timber Building System

Research Project 3-3 (RP 3-3)

RESOURCE-EFFICIENT AND CIRCULAR TIMBER BUILDING SYSTEM FOR NEW CONSTRUCTION AND EXISTING BUILDING STOCK EXTENSION

The project advances the multi-storey timber building system developed in the first funding period of the IntCDC Cluster of Excellence towards circularity, material agency, and regional specificity by integrating secondary timber. In the context of this research, secondary timber refers to all wood resources that are currently not utilised for engineered wood products and are usually not addressed within existing building codes and normative frameworks. This includes damaged timber, fabrication offcuts, reused and reclaimed timber, a wider range of wood species, and consideration of low-grade structural wood across all the above-mentioned categories. The project focuses on developing feature-specific assessment, design and engineering methods, and on enabling variable base materials to reduce emissions and extend the life cycle of existing timber resources. At the same time, extending the design space of timber structures through adaptive design and engineering methods for resilient timber architecture remains a key goal.

PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATORS

Jun.-Prof. Dr. Philippe Grönquist
Principal Investigator
Institute of Construction Materials (IWB) & Materials Testing Institute (MPA)
Cluster of Excellence IntCDC

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jan Knippers
Deputy Spokesperson
Institute of Building Structures and Structural Design (ITKE)
Cluster of Excellence IntCDC

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Philip Leistner
Principal Investigator
Institute for Acoustics and Building Physics (IABP)
Cluster of Excellence IntCDC

Prof. Achim Menges
Spokesperson
Institute of Computational Design and Construction (ICD)
Cluster of Excellence IntCDC

Prof. Dr. Doris Österreicher
Principal Investigator
Institute for Building Materials, Building Physics, Building Systems and Design (IBBTE)
Cluster of Excellence IntCDC

RESEARCHERS

M.Sc. Sanoop Siby
Doctoral Researcher
Materials Testing Institute (MPA)
Cluster of Excellence IntCDC

M.Sc. Sabrina Machanek
Doctoral Researcher
Materials Testing Institute (MPA)
Cluster of Excellence IntCDC

Dr.-Ing. Cristóbal Tapia Camú
Postdoctoral Researcher
Materials Testing Institute (MPA)
Cluster of Excellence IntCDC

M.Sc. Mykhaylo Kazmiruk
Doctoral Researcher
Institute of Building Structures and Structural Design (ITKE)
Cluster of Excellence IntCDC

M.Sc. Theresa Müller
Doctoral Researcher
Institute for Acoustics and Building Physics (IABP)
University of Stuttgart
Cluster of Excellence IntCDC

M.A. M.Sc. Simon Treml
Doctoral Researcher
Institute of Computational Design and Construction (ICD)
Cluster of Excellence IntCDC

M.Sc. Aaron Wagner
Doctoral Researcher
Institute of Computational Design and Construction (ICD)
Cluster of Excellence IntCDC

MSc. Andrea Agner
Doctoral Researcher
Institute for Building Materials, Building Physics, Building Systems and Design (IBBTE)
Cluster of Excellence IntCDC

PEER-REVIEWED PUBLICATIONS

2025
1. Bechert, S., Schlopschnat, C., Göbel, M., Aicher, S., Menges, A., & Knippers, J. (2025). livMatS biomimetic shell: Structural advancements of segmented timber shells towards permanent building constructions. Structures, 79, 109524. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2025.109524
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  @article{bechert2025livmats, abstract = {Segmented timber shells (STS) represent an emerging modular system for lightweight, free-form architecture. While prior applications have largely been limited to temporary demonstrators, this paper presents the livMatS Biomimetic Shell—the first permanent, fully functioning building realised using a segmented timber shell system —marking a major step toward scalable and long-term architectural integration. The project demonstrates a holistic, digitally driven approach that integrates co-design across architecture, engineering, and robotic fabrication, in close collaboration with industry partners. The research applies an integrative structural design methodology, combining parametric shape analysis and advanced finite element methods to optimise the shell’s form, segmentation, and structural performance. A central innovation is the refined hollow timber cassette system, which reduces material volume and structural weight while enabling insulation integration and structural adaptability. Additional contributions include a bifurcated shell geometry that incorporates a skylight and an innovative weather-responsive shading system. As a full-scale scientific demonstrator, the livMatS Biomimetic Shell positions STS as a viable, sustainable, and structurally robust solution for contemporary long-span timber architecture.}, author = {Bechert, Simon and Schlopschnat, Christoph and Göbel, Monika and Aicher, Simon and Menges, Achim and Knippers, Jan}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2025.109524}, institution = {University of Stuttgart, ICD}, journal = {Structures}, language = {eng}, month = {09}, pages = 109524, publisher = {Elsevier}, title = {livMatS biomimetic shell: Structural advancements of segmented timber shells towards permanent building constructions}, volume = 79, year = 2025 }
  DOI
  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2025.109524
2. Müller, T., Wagner, H. J., Menges, A., & Leistner, P. (2025). Concept and development of a novel timber spring for impact sound reduction in timber floor slabs. Building acoustics, 32, Article 3. https://doi.org/10.1177/1351010X251339264
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  @article{muller2025concept, affiliation = {Müller, T (Corresponding Author), Univ Stuttgart, Inst Acoust & Bldg Phys, Pfaffenwaldring 7, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. Mueller, Theresa; Leistner, Philip, Univ Stuttgart, Inst Acoust & Bldg Phys, Pfaffenwaldring 7, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. Wagner, Hans Jakob; Menges, Achim, Univ Stuttgart, Inst Computat Design & Construct, Stuttgart, Germany. Leistner, Philip, Fraunhofer Inst Bldg Phys, Stuttgart, Germany.}, author = {Müller, Theresa and Wagner, Hans Jakob and Menges, Achim and Leistner, Philip}, doi = {10.1177/1351010X251339264}, issn = {{1351-010X} and {2059-8025}}, journal = {Building acoustics}, language = {eng}, number = 3, pages = {359-376}, publisher = {Sage Publications}, research-areas = {Acoustics}, title = {Concept and development of a novel timber spring for impact sound reduction in timber floor slabs}, unique-id = {WOS:001525208400001}, volume = 32, year = 2025 }
  DOI
  10.1177/1351010X251339264
3. Treml, S., Riedel, L., Wagner, H. J., Tapia, C., Aicher, S., Knippers, J., & Menges, A. (2025). Concept to Construction: Co-design and Integrative Development Processes for the IntCDC Multi-Story Timber Building System. Proceedings of the World Conference on Timber Engineering 2025 (WCTE), 90–99. https://doi.org/10.52202/080513-0012
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  @inproceedings{treml2025concept, abstract = {In the context of the climate crisis and increasing urbanization, there is an urgent necessity to expand the typological possibilities in timber construction. Wide-span, point-supported timber systems for multi-story buildings offer the potential to substitute COၷ-intensive construction materials such as concrete and steel, utilize buildings as carbon sinks, and provide additional qualitative living and working spaces in urban areas. The development and incremental refinement of bespoke systems from initial conceptualization to technical feasibility and regulatory approval require the integration and coordination of comprehensive expert knowledge. A highly integrative approach and interdisciplinary exchange of expert knowledge within the research team, as well as iterative and reciprocal expert knowledge exchange with innovative stakeholders from the construction industry, are imperative. This paper presents the development of a co�design framework for the IntCDC Multi-Story Timber Building System (MSTBS), which facilitates reciprocal and iterative knowledge exchange within the interdisciplinary core research team, as well as between researchers and stakeholders from the construction industry. The research demonstrates how an organizational co-design framework fosters the methodical collaboration between research and industry partners and enables the development of a novel timber building system, contributing to the transition towards more sustainable building practices.}, author = {Treml, Simon and Riedel, Lorenz and Wagner, Hans Jakob and Tapia, Cristóbal and Aicher, Simon and Knippers, Jan and Menges, Achim}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the World Conference on Timber Engineering 2025 (WCTE)}, day = {22-26}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.52202/080513-0012}, eventdate = {2025-06-22/2025-06-26}, eventtitle = {14th World Conference on Timber Engineering 2025 (WCTE 2025)}, institution = {{Institute for Computational Design and Construction (ICD)} and {Institute of Building Structures and Structural Design (ITKE)} and {Cluster of Excellence Integrative Computational Design and Construction for Architecture (IntCDC)}}, isbn = {9798331320904}, language = {eng}, month = {06}, pages = {90-99}, publisher = {World Conference on Timber Engineering 2025}, title = {Concept to Construction: Co-design and Integrative Development Processes for the IntCDC Multi-Story Timber Building System}, url = {https://www.proceedings.com/080513-0012.html}, venue = {Brisbane, Australia}, year = 2025 }
  DOI
  https://doi.org/10.52202/080513-0012
2024
1. Asa, P., El Feghali, C., Steixner, C., Tahouni, Y., Wagner, H. J., Knippers, J., & Menges, A. (2024). Embraced Wood: Circular construction method for composite long-span beams from unprocessed reclaimed timber, fibers and clay. Construction and Building Materials, 416, Article January. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2024.135096
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  @article{Asa2024, author = {Asa, Pelin and El Feghali, Christelle and Steixner, Christian and Tahouni, Yasaman and Wagner, Hans Jakob and Knippers, Jan and Menges, Achim}, doi = {10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2024.135096}, file = {:G\:/Other computers/My Laptop/LEBEN/WORK/04_ICD/01_Publikationen/2301_EMBRACED_WOOD/2301_Construction and Building Materials/PUBLISHED/1-s2.0-S095006182400237X-main.pdf:pdf}, issn = {09500618}, journal = {Construction and Building Materials}, month = {02}, number = {January}, pages = 135096, publisher = {Elsevier Ltd}, title = {Embraced Wood: Circular construction method for composite long-span beams from unprocessed reclaimed timber, fibers and clay}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2024.135096 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S095006182400237X}, volume = 416, year = 2024 }
  DOI
  10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2024.135096
2. Chai, H., Orozco, L., Kannenberg, F., Siriwardena, L., Schwinn, T., Liu, H., Menges, A., & Yuan, P. F. (2024). Agent-Based Principal Strips Modeling for Freeform Surfaces in Architecture. Nexus Network Journal, 26, Article 2. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00004-024-00765-0
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  @article{chai2024agentbased, abstract = {The principal curvature (PC) of a freeform surface, as an important indicator of its fundamental features, is frequently used to guide their rationalization in the field of architectural geometry. The division of a surface using its PC lines into principal strips (PSs) is an innovative way to break down a freeform surface for construction. However, the application of PC networks in architectural design is hindered by the difficulty to generate them and flexibly control their density. This paper introduces a method for PS-based reconstruction of freeform surfaces with different umbilical conditions in the early stages of design. An agent-based modeling approach is developed to find the umbilics and increase the degree of control over the spacing of PC lines. This research can effectively expand the application range of PS-based surface reconstruction methods for freeform architectures.}, author = {Chai, Hua and Orozco, Luis and Kannenberg, Fabian and Siriwardena, Lasath and Schwinn, Tobias and Liu, Hanning and Menges, Achim and Yuan, Philip F.}, doi = {10.1007/s00004-024-00765-0}, issn = {15224600}, journal = {Nexus Network Journal}, number = 2, pages = {369--396}, refid = {Chai2024}, title = {Agent-Based Principal Strips Modeling for Freeform Surfaces in Architecture}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s00004-024-00765-0}, volume = 26, year = 2024 }
  DOI
  10.1007/s00004-024-00765-0
3. Müller, T., Krtschil, A., Mahler, M., Knippers, J., & Leistner, P. (2024). Structural and acoustic behavior of a timber slab with wooden tuned mass dampers. Journal of Low Frequency Noise, Vibration and Active Control, 17. https://doi.org/10.1177/14613484241286586
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  @article{Mueller_2024, abstract = {The increasing use of timber in multi-story construction has highlighted challenges related to the vibration behavior of timber floor slabs, affecting both structural and acoustic performance. Floor vibrations between 0 and 20 Hz and structure-borne sound especially between 50 and 100 Hz are impairing the user comfort and serviceability. This paper investigates a mono-material approach using wooden tuned mass dampers (TMDs) to reduce these vibrations in timber slabs, particularly in buildings with long spans. Eigenmodes in relevant frequency ranges are first identified, followed by the separate design and interdisciplinary integration of TMDs for structural and acoustic performance. The study integrates acoustic and structural design requirements through an interdisciplinary process, employing both experimental and numerical models. Results demonstrate that wooden TMDs can address both disciplines and reduce deflection in timber slabs and improve structure-borne and low-frequency sound transmission.}, author = {Müller, Theresa and Krtschil, Anna and Mahler, Michael and Knippers, Jan and Leistner, Philip}, doi = {10.1177/14613484241286586}, issn = {2048-4046}, journal = {Journal of Low Frequency Noise, Vibration and Active Control}, language = {eng}, month = {10}, pages = 17, publisher = {SAGE Publications}, title = {Structural and acoustic behavior of a timber slab with wooden tuned mass dampers}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14613484241286586}, year = 2024 }
  DOI
  10.1177/14613484241286586
4. Skoury, L., Treml, S., Opgenorth, N., Amtsberg, F., Wagner, H. J., Menges, A., & Wortmann, T. (2024). Towards data-informed co-design in digital fabrication. Automation in Construction, 158, 105229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2023.105229
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  @article{Skoury_2024, author = {Skoury, Lior and Treml, Simon and Opgenorth, Nils and Amtsberg, Felix and Wagner, Hans Jakob and Menges, Achim and Wortmann, Thomas}, doi = {10.1016/j.autcon.2023.105229}, issn = {0926-5805}, journal = {Automation in Construction}, month = {02}, pages = 105229, publisher = {Elsevier BV}, title = {Towards data-informed co-design in digital fabrication}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2023.105229}, volume = 158, year = 2024 }
  DOI
  10.1016/j.autcon.2023.105229
2023
1. Aicher, S., Münzer, A., Hezel, J., & Weber, S. (2023). Head pull-through capacity of load-bearing timber screws – Influential parameters and shortcomings of European test procedure. Wood Material Science & Engineering, 18, Article 4. https://doi.org/10.1080/17480272.2022.2155994
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  @article{Aicher_2023, author = {Aicher, Simon and Münzer, Aaron and Hezel, Jürgen and Weber, Steffen}, doi = {10.1080/17480272.2022.2155994}, journal = {Wood Material Science \& Engineering}, number = 4, pages = {1505--1520}, publisher = {Taylor & Francis}, title = {Head pull-through capacity of load-bearing timber screws – Influential parameters and shortcomings of European test procedure}, volume = 18, year = 2023 }
  DOI
  10.1080/17480272.2022.2155994
2. Bucklin, O., Müller, T., Amtsberg, F., Leistner, P., & Menges, A. (2023). Analysis of thermal Transmittance, air Permeability, and hygrothermal behavior of a solid timber building envelope. Energy and buildings, 299, 113629. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2023.113629
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  @article{bucklin2023analysis, affiliation = {Bucklin, O (Corresponding Author), Univ Stuttgart, ICD, Keplerstr 11, D-70174 Stuttgart, Germany. Bucklin, Oliver; Amtsberg, Felix; Menges, Achim, Univ Stuttgart, Inst Computat Design & Construct, Stuttgart, Germany. Mueller, Theresa; Leistner, Philip, Univ Stuttgart, Inst Acoust & Bldg Phys, Stuttgart, Germany. Leistner, Philip, Fraunhofer Inst Bldg Phys, Stuttgart, Germany. Bucklin, Oliver, Univ Stuttgart, ICD, Keplerstr 11, D-70174 Stuttgart, Germany.}, author = {Bucklin, Oliver and Müller, Theresa and Amtsberg, Felix and Leistner, Philip and Menges, Achim}, doi = {10.1016/j.enbuild.2023.113629}, issn = {{0378-7788} and {1872-6178}}, journal = {Energy and buildings}, language = {eng}, pages = 113629, publisher = {Elsevier}, research-areas = {Construction & Building Technology; Energy & Fuels; Engineering}, title = {Analysis of thermal Transmittance, air Permeability, and hygrothermal behavior of a solid timber building envelope}, unique-id = {WOS:001096440200001}, volume = 299, year = 2023 }
  DOI
  10.1016/j.enbuild.2023.113629
3. Krtschil, A., Orozco, L., Wagner, H. J., Menges, A., & Knippers, J. (2023). Structural Performance and Nesting Efficiency of segmented, point-supported, slabs for co-designed timber architecture. Structures, 57, 105260. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2023.105260
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  @article{Krtschil_2023, author = {Krtschil, Anna and Orozco, Luis and Wagner, Hans Jakob and Menges, Achim and Knippers, Jan}, doi = {10.1016/j.istruc.2023.105260}, journal = {Structures}, month = {11}, pages = 105260, publisher = {Elsevier {BV}}, title = {Structural Performance and Nesting Efficiency of segmented, point-supported, slabs for co-designed timber architecture}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.istruc.2023.105260}, volume = 57, year = 2023 }
  DOI
  10.1016/j.istruc.2023.105260
4. Müller, T., & Leistner, P. (2023). Ecologically motivated approaches for improving low-frequency sound and vibration performance in multistory timber buildings. Proceedings of the 10th Convention of the European Acoustics Association Forum Acusticum 2023. https://doi.org/10.61782/fa.2023.0522
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  @inproceedings{Mueller_2023, author = {Müller, T. and Leistner, P.}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 10th Convention of the European Acoustics Association Forum Acusticum 2023}, collection = {FA2023}, doi = {10.61782/fa.2023.0522}, eventdate = {September 2023}, isbn = {978-88-88942-67-4}, publisher = {European Acoustics Association}, series = {FA2023}, title = {Ecologically motivated approaches for improving low-frequency sound and vibration performance in multistory timber buildings}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.61782/fa.2023.0522}, year = 2023 }
  DOI
  10.61782/fa.2023.0522
5. Orozco, L., Krtschil, A., Wagner, H. J., Bechert, S., Amtsberg, F., Knippers, J., & Menges, A. (2023). Co-Design Methods for Non-Standard Multi-Storey Timber Buildings. Sustainability, 15, Article 23. https://doi.org/10.3390/su152316178
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  @article{su152316178, abstract = {To meet climate change goals and respond to increased global urbanisation, the building industry needs to improve both its building technology and its design methods. Constrained urban environments and building stock extensions are challenges for standard timber construction. Co-design promises to better integrate disciplines and processes, promising smaller feedback loops for design iteration and building verification. This article describes the integrated design, fabrication, and construction processes of a timber building prototype as a case study for the application of co-design methods. Emphasis is placed on the development of design and engineering methods, fabrication and construction processes, and materials and building systems. The development of the building prototype builds on previous research in robotic fabrication (including prefabrication, task distribution, and augmented reality integration), agent-based modelling (ABM) for the design and optimisation of structural components, and the systematisation of timber buildings and their components. The results presented in this article include a functional example of co-design from which best practises may be extrapolated as part of an inductive approach to design research. The prototype, with its co-designed process and resultant flat ceilings, integrated services, wide spans, and design adaptability for irregular column locations, has the potential to expand the design potential of multi-storey timber buildings.}, article-number = {16178}, author = {Orozco, Luis and Krtschil, Anna and Wagner, Hans Jakob and Bechert, Simon and Amtsberg, Felix and Knippers, Jan and Menges, Achim}, doi = {10.3390/su152316178}, issn = {2071-1050}, journal = {Sustainability}, number = 23, title = {Co-Design Methods for Non-Standard Multi-Storey Timber Buildings}, url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/23/16178}, volume = 15, year = 2023 }
  DOI
  10.3390/su152316178
6. Orozco, L., Svatoš-Ražnjević, H., Wagner, H. J., Abdelaal, M., Amtsberg, F., Weiskopf, D., & Menges, A. (2023). Advanced Timber Construction Industry: A Quantitative Review of 646 Global Design and Construction Stakeholders. Buildings, 13, Article 9. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13092287
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  @article{buildings13092287, abstract = {There has been a multi-storey timber construction boom since the start of the millennium. While there is now a body of research on trends, benefits, and disadvantages of timber construction, there is not yet literature on the wider market or the impact of stakeholders on it. This research investigates the (i) architects, (ii) engineers, and (iii) manufacturers involved in the realization of 300 contemporary multi-storey timber buildings from an existing survey. The analysis is based on data sourced from stakeholder websites and the building survey. It evaluates the perceived level of timber expertise of stakeholders based on service categorization and stakeholder type and relates them to the buildings they worked on. The research uses quantitative methods to answer qualitative questions on the connection between architectural variety in timber construction and the stakeholders involved. Interconnectivity between stakeholders and projects is visualized in an interactive network graph. The study shows a segmented mass timber market with relatively few impactful design and construction stakeholders, mostly located in central and northern Europe. It also identifies fabricators as the largest group of innovators advancing the industry and enabling the construction of more complex projects. It reveals the importance of collaboration and knowledge sharing for the industry’s growth.}, article-number = {2287}, author = {Orozco, Luis and Svatoš-Ražnjević, Hana and Wagner, Hans Jakob and Abdelaal, Moataz and Amtsberg, Felix and Weiskopf, Daniel and Menges, Achim}, doi = {10.3390/buildings13092287}, issn = {2075-5309}, journal = {Buildings}, number = 9, title = {Advanced Timber Construction Industry: A Quantitative Review of 646 Global Design and Construction Stakeholders}, url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/13/9/2287}, volume = 13, year = 2023 }
  DOI
  10.3390/buildings13092287
7. Orozco, L., Wagner, H. J., Krtschil, A., Knippers, J., & Menges, A. (2023). Computational Segmentation of Timber Slabs with Free Column Placement. Computer-Aided Design, 103650. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cad.2023.103650
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  @article{Orozco_2023, author = {Orozco, Luis and Wagner, Hans Jakob and Krtschil, Anna and Knippers, Jan and Menges, Achim}, doi = {10.1016/j.cad.2023.103650}, issn = {0010-4485}, journal = {Computer-Aided Design}, month = {11}, pages = 103650, publisher = {Elsevier BV}, title = {Computational Segmentation of Timber Slabs with Free Column Placement}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cad.2023.103650}, year = 2023 }
  DOI
  10.1016/j.cad.2023.103650
8. Sahin, E. S., Locatelli, D., Orozco, L., Krtschil, A., Wagner, H. J., Menges, A., & Knippers, J. (2023). Feedback-Based Design Method for Spatially-Informed and Structurally-Performative Column Placement in Multi-Story Construction. In P. Yuan & N. Leach (Eds.), Phygital Intelligence.
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  @inproceedings{Sahin.2023, address = {Shanghai, China}, author = {Sahin, Ekin Sila and Locatelli, Daniel and Orozco, Luis and Krtschil, Anna and Wagner, Hans Jakob and Menges, Achim and Knippers, Jan}, booktitle = {Phygital Intelligence}, editor = {Yuan, Philip and Leach, Neil}, title = {Feedback-Based Design Method for Spatially-Informed and Structurally-Performative Column Placement in Multi-Story Construction}, year = 2023 }
9. Svatoš-Ražnjević, H., Krtschil, A., Orozco, L., Neubauer, G., Knippers, J., & Menges, A. (2023). Towards Design Flexibility and Freedom In Multi-Storey Timber Construction: Architectural Applications of a Novel, Adaptive Hollow Slab Building System. In K. A. Malo, A. Q. Nyrud, & K. Nore (Eds.), World Conference on Timber Engineering (WCTE 2023) (pp. 3905–3916). World Conference on Timber Engineering (WCTE 2023). https://doi.org/10.52202/069179-0508
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  @inproceedings{SvatosRaznjevic.2023, address = {As, Norway}, author = {Svatoš-Ražnjević, Hana and Krtschil, Anna and Orozco, Luis and Neubauer, Gregor and Knippers, Jan and Menges, Achim}, booktitle = {World Conference on Timber Engineering (WCTE 2023)}, doi = {10.52202/069179-0508}, editor = {Malo, Kjell Arne and Nyrud, Anders Q. and Nore, Kristine}, isbn = {978-1-7138-7329-7}, pages = {3905--3916}, publisher = {{World Conference on Timber Engineering (WCTE 2023)}}, title = {Towards Design Flexibility and Freedom In Multi-Storey Timber Construction: Architectural Applications of a Novel, Adaptive Hollow Slab Building System}, year = 2023 }
  DOI
  10.52202/069179-0508
10. Tapia, C., & Aicher, S. (2023). A new concept for column-to-column connections for multi-storey timber buildings — Numerical and experimental investigations. Engineering Structures, 295, 116770. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2023.116770
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  @article{Tapia_2023, abstract = {A new jointing concept for the vertical load transfer between glued laminated timber (GLT) columns in multi-storey timber buildings has been developed. The basic components of the connection are two stepped, pyramid-shaped inserts made from block-glued laminated veneer lumber (LVL), which are bonded oppositely into corresponding cavities of the jointed GLTs. The load transfer between the mating columns relies on an intermediate LVL pin, fitting into pyramid-type cavities. Beech LVL was chosen for both, insert and pin, due to its 2.2 times higher characteristic compressive strength as compared to the employed high-strength softwood GLT (GL32h). The form fit of the stepped components which are bonded together relies on high precision robotic milling and a gap-filling two-component polyurethane adhesive. Manufacturing and mechanical performance of the scalable connection was investigated with full-sized specimens, achieving up to 90% of the characteristic GLT compressive capacity of 1040kN for a cross-section of 180mm×180mm. A parametric model based on the finite element method (FEM) showed a good agreement with empiric strain distributions and provided a stress-spread angle of 35° for the concentrated vertical load for an analytical design approach. The location and magnitude of tensile stresses perpendicular to the grain causing splitting failure was identified by FEM. Reinforcement by self-tapping screws proved a significant load-capacity enhancement. The mean experimental axial compressive load capacity exceeded the analytical prediction by 19%. First investigations on the rotational stiffness delivered a value of 240kNm/rad. The column utilization due to additional directly supported floor slabs was assessed exclusively by FEM. The calculation results predict a significant reduction of the tensile stresses perpendicular to the grain to be verified experimentally.}, author = {Tapia, Cristóbal and Aicher, Simon}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2023.116770}, issn = {0141-0296}, journal = {Engineering Structures}, pages = 116770, title = {A new concept for column-to-column connections for multi-storey timber buildings — Numerical and experimental investigations}, url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0141029623011859}, volume = 295, year = 2023 }
  DOI
  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2023.116770
11. Tapia Camú, C., Wagner, H. J., Treml, S., Menges, A., & Aicher, S. (2023). Point-Support Reinforcement for a Highly Efficient Timber Hollow Core Slab System. World Conference on Timber Engineering (WCTE 2023), 2978–2986. https://doi.org/10.52202/069179-0388
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  @conference{tapia2023pointsupport, address = {Oslo, Norway}, author = {Tapia Camú, Cristóbal and Wagner, Hans Jakob and Treml, Simon and Menges, Achim and Aicher, Simon}, booktitle = {World Conference on Timber Engineering (WCTE 2023)}, doi = {10.52202/069179-0388}, pages = {2978-2986}, title = {Point-Support Reinforcement for a Highly Efficient Timber Hollow Core Slab System}, year = 2023 }
  DOI
  10.52202/069179-0388
12. Udaykumar, K., Orozco, L., Krtschil, A., Menges, A., & Knippers, J. (2023). Interactive Gradient-Based Optimization Method for Column-slab Structures. In Y. M. Xie, J. Burry, T. U. Lee, & J. Ma (Eds.), Integration of Design and Fabrication (pp. 1574–1584). International Association for Shell and Spatial Structures (IASS).
  - BibTeX
  BibTeX
  @incollection{Udaykumar.2023, address = {Melbourne, Australia}, author = {Udaykumar, Keerthana and Orozco, Luis and Krtschil, Anna and Menges, Achim and Knippers, Jan}, booktitle = {Integration of Design and Fabrication}, editor = {Xie, Yi Min and Burry, Jane and Lee, Ting Uei and Ma, Jiaming}, pages = {1574--1584}, publisher = {{International Association for Shell and Spatial Structures (IASS)}}, title = {Interactive Gradient-Based Optimization Method for Column-slab Structures}, year = 2023 }
2022
1. Chai, H., Guo, Z., Wagner, H. J., Stark, T., Menges, A., & Yuan, P. F. (2022). In-Situ Robotic Fabrication of Spatial Glulam Structures. Proceedings of the 27th CAADRIA Conference, Sydney, 9-15 April 2022, 2, 41–50. https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2022.2.041
  - BibTeX
  - DOI
  BibTeX
  @inproceedings{Chai2022, abstract = {While current approaches in timber construction stress the advantages of off-site prefabrication, glued laminated timber(glulam) structures is limited to the constraints of standardized, prefabricated mostly linear elements, which also lends itself only to building typologies that offer an increased level of standardization and regularity. The design freedom of timber structures is incomparable to that of reinforced concrete structures, which mostly gains from the in-situ fabrication process. An in-situ robotic timber fabrication platform allows the on-site construction of glulam structures with highly differentiated networks of beams composed of robotically assembled discrete linear elements. Based on the possibilities of such mobile robotic fabrication process, this paper explores novel architectural typologies of spatial glulam structures. The research is conducted from several aspects including joint tectonics, design method, and robotic fabrication process. A large-scale pavilion is designed and fabricated to verify the feasibility of the proposed system. This research could provide a novel mode of in-situ robotic timber fabrication and corresponding glulam structure system for timber construction.}, author = {Chai, Hua and Guo, Zhixian and Wagner, Hans Jakob and Stark, Tim and Menges, Achim and Yuan, Philip F}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 27th CAADRIA Conference, Sydney, 9-15 April 2022}, doi = {10.52842/conf.caadria.2022.2.041}, file = {:G\:/Other computers/My Laptop/LEBEN/WORK/04_ICD/01_Publikationen/2002_MOBILE_ROBOT/2112_CAADRIA_Spatial_Glulam/caadria2022_245.pdf:pdf}, pages = {41--50}, title = {{In-Situ Robotic Fabrication of Spatial Glulam Structures}}, url = {http://papers.cumincad.org/cgi-bin/works/paper/caadria2022_245}, volume = 2, year = 2022 }
  DOI
  10.52842/conf.caadria.2022.2.041
2. Chai, H., Wagner, H. J., Guo, Z., Qi, Y., Menges, A., & Yuan, P. F. (2022). Computational design and on-site mobile robotic construction of an adaptive reinforcement beam network for cross-laminated timber slab panels. Automation in Construction, 142, Article August. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2022.104536
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  - DOI
  BibTeX
  @article{Chai2022, abstract = {Timber slabs design is currently limited to grid layouts derived from prefabricated rectangular panels. The lack of adaptability of timber slabs to accommodate multiple span directions makes it difficult to compete with reinforced concrete slabs constructed on site. This paper describes an adaptive slab system composed of thin Cross-Laminated Timber (CLT) panels and robot-fabricated beam networks for reinforcement. The beam network was developed through intricate negotiation of structural optimization and fabrication constraints, which can adapt to changes in slab span and directions. A mobile robot platform that allows for on-site assembly of timber sticks into continuous beam networks was developed. The robot platform and slab system were tested with a case study pavilion. The co-design of the robot platform and the slab system fills the gap in on-site robotic timber construction and expands the design freedom of timber buildings.}, author = {Chai, Hua and Wagner, Hans Jakob and Guo, Zhixian and Qi, Yue and Menges, Achim and Yuan, Philip F.}, doi = {10.1016/j.autcon.2022.104536}, file = {:G\:/Other computers/My Laptop/LEBEN/WORK/04_ICD/03_PhD/Reading/1-s2.0-S0926580522004071-main (1).pdf:pdf}, issn = {09265805}, journal = {Automation in Construction}, month = {10}, number = {August}, pages = 104536, publisher = {Elsevier B.V.}, title = {{Computational design and on-site mobile robotic construction of an adaptive reinforcement beam network for cross-laminated timber slab panels}}, url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0926580522004071}, volume = 142, year = 2022 }
  DOI
  10.1016/j.autcon.2022.104536
3. Krtschil, A., Orozco, L., Bechert, S., Wagner, H. J., Amtsberg, F., Chen, T.-Y., Shah, A., Menges, A., & Knippers, J. (2022). Structural development of a novel punctually supported timber building system for multi-storey construction. Journal of Building Engineering, 58, 104972. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2022.104972
  - BibTeX
  - DOI
  BibTeX
  @article{Krtschil_2022, author = {Krtschil, Anna and Orozco, Luis and Bechert, Simon and Wagner, Hans Jakob and Amtsberg, Felix and Chen, Tzu-Ying and Shah, Anand and Menges, Achim and Knippers, Jan}, doi = {10.1016/j.jobe.2022.104972}, journal = {Journal of Building Engineering}, month = {10}, pages = 104972, publisher = {Elsevier {BV}}, title = {Structural development of a novel punctually supported timber building system for multi-storey construction}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jobe.2022.104972}, volume = 58, year = 2022 }
  DOI
  10.1016/j.jobe.2022.104972
4. Krtschil, A., Orozco, L., Wagner, H. J., Menges, A., & Knippers, J. (2022). Conceptual development and comparison of two punctually supported timber slab systems. Doktorandenkolloquium Holzbau Forschung + Praxis.
  - BibTeX
  BibTeX
  @inproceedings{Krtschil.2022, author = {Krtschil, Anna and Orozco, Luis and Wagner, Hans Jakob and Menges, Achim and Knippers, Jan}, booktitle = {Doktorandenkolloquium Holzbau Forschung + Praxis}, title = {Conceptual development and comparison of two punctually supported timber slab systems}, year = 2022 }
5. Orozco, L., Krtschil, A., Skoury, L., Knippers, J., & Menges, A. (2022). Arrangement of reinforcement in variable density timber slab systems for multi-story construction. International Journal of Architectural Computing, 20, Article 4. https://doi.org/10.1177/14780771221135003
  - BibTeX
  - DOI
  BibTeX
  @article{Orozco_2022, author = {Orozco, Luis and Krtschil, Anna and Skoury, Lior and Knippers, Jan and Menges, Achim}, doi = {10.1177/14780771221135003}, journal = {International Journal of Architectural Computing}, month = {10}, number = 4, pages = {707--727}, publisher = {{SAGE} Publications}, title = {Arrangement of reinforcement in variable density timber slab systems for multi-story construction}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1177%2F14780771221135003}, volume = 20, year = 2022 }
  DOI
  10.1177/14780771221135003
6. Svatoš-Ražnjević, H., Orozco, L., & Menges, A. (2022). Advanced Timber Construction Industry: A Review of 350 Multi-Storey Timber Projects from 2000–2021. Buildings, 12, Article 4. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings12040404
  - BibTeX
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  BibTeX
  @article{buildings12040404, abstract = {Throughout the last two decades the timber building sector has experienced a steady growth in multi-storey construction. Although there has been a growing number of research focused on trends, benefits, and disadvantages in timber construction from various technical perspectives, so far there is no extensive literature on the trajectory of emerging architectural typologies. This paper presents an examination of architectural variety and spatial possibilities in current serial and modular multi-storey timber construction. It aims to draw a parallel between architectural characteristics and their relation to structural systems in timber. The research draws from a collection of 350 contemporary multi-storey timber building projects between 2000 and 2021. It consists of 300 built projects, 12 projects currently in construction, and 38 design proposals. The survey consists of quantitative and qualitative project data, as well as classification of the structural system, material, program, massing, and spatial organization of the projects. It then compares the different structural and design aspects to achieve a comprehensive overview of possibilities in timber construction. The outcome is an identification of the range of morphologies and a better understanding of the design space in current serial and modular multi-storey mass timber construction.}, article-number = {404}, author = {Svatoš-Ražnjević, Hana and Orozco, Luis and Menges, Achim}, doi = {10.3390/buildings12040404}, issn = {2075-5309}, journal = {Buildings}, number = 4, title = {Advanced Timber Construction Industry: A Review of 350 Multi-Storey Timber Projects from 2000–2021}, url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/12/4/404}, volume = 12, year = 2022 }
  DOI
  10.3390/buildings12040404
7. Tapia, C., Claus, M., & Aicher, S. (2022). A finger-joint based edge connection for the weak direction of CLT plates. Construction and Building Materials, 340, 127645. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.127645
  - BibTeX
  - DOI
  BibTeX
  @article{Tapia_2022, abstract = {A new connection concept for joining cross-laminated timber (CLT) plates in their secondary direction is presented. The connection consists of two laminated veneer lumber (LVL) gusset plates with finger-joint-like profiles milled on one side which are glued onto the outermost layers of the CLT. It is demonstrated that the joint represents a stiff moment resistant connection, enabling the activation of the normally underutilized biaxiality of CLT plates and expanding the design freedom of architects and engineers. The concept was analyzed by means of analytical and finite element (FE) models for two geometry alternatives, differing in either a 2D or 3D tapered finger profile. The 3D tapered finger profile produced a stress reduction of around 5% in the region of stress concentration and a more even shear stress distribution on the bonded surface. Thereafter, four specimens were manufactured – two of each geometry alternative – and then tested in four- and three-point bending setups in order to assess the behavior at pure bending as well as at combined moment and shear loading, respectively. At pure bending, the studied connection delivered bending capacities of 100% of the characteristic value of the unjointed CLT material. For the case of moment and shear loading, the global capacity was determined by a bending failure in the CLT region subjected to maximum moment, while the joints remained unbroken. Measured deformations and strains during the tests validated the FE model, which can be used to further develop the connection concept, which allows for a full activation of the biaxial behavior of large-span CLT floors.}, author = {Tapia, Cristóbal and Claus, Marian and Aicher, Simon}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.127645}, issn = {0950-0618}, journal = {Construction and Building Materials}, pages = 127645, title = {A finger-joint based edge connection for the weak direction of CLT plates}, url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0950061822013204}, volume = 340, year = 2022 }
  DOI
  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.127645
2021
1. Aicher, S., & Simon, K. (2021). Rigid Glulam Joints with Glued-in Rods Subjected to Axial and Lateral Force Action. Proceedings of the International Network on Timber Engineering Research (INTER) – Meeting 54, 113–128.
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  BibTeX
  @inproceedings{Aicher_2021, author = {Aicher, Simon and Simon, Kai}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Network on Timber Engineering Research (INTER) – Meeting 54}, issn = {2199-9740}, pages = {113–128}, publisher = {Timber Sciuentific Publishing, KIT Holzbau und Baukostruktionen}, title = {Rigid Glulam Joints with Glued-in Rods Subjected to Axial and Lateral Force Action}, year = 2021 }
2. Müller, T., Borschewski, D., Albrecht, S., Leistner, P., & Späh, M. (2021). The Dilemma of Balancing Design for Impact Sound with Environmental Performance in Wood Ceiling Systems : A Building Physics Perspective. Sustainability, 13, Article 16. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13168715
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  - DOI
  BibTeX
  @article{muller2021dilemma, affiliation = {Muller, T (Corresponding Author), Univ Stuttgart, Inst Acoust & Bldg Phys IABP, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. Mueller, Theresa; Borschewski, David; Leistner, Philip, Univ Stuttgart, Inst Acoust & Bldg Phys IABP, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. Albrecht, Stefan; Leistner, Philip; Spaeh, Moritz, Fraunhofer Inst Bldg Phys IBP, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany.}, author = {Müller, Theresa and Borschewski, David and Albrecht, Stefan and Leistner, Philip and Späh, Moritz}, doi = {10.3390/su13168715}, issn = {2071-1050}, journal = {Sustainability}, language = {eng}, number = 16, pages = 8715, publisher = {MDPI}, research-areas = {Science & Technology - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology}, title = {The Dilemma of Balancing Design for Impact Sound with Environmental Performance in Wood Ceiling Systems : A Building Physics Perspective}, unique-id = {WOS:000689884800001}, volume = 13, year = 2021 }
  DOI
  10.3390/su13168715
3. Müller, T., Flemming, D., Janowsky, I., Di Bari, R., Harder, N., & Leistner, P. (2021). Bauphysikalische und ökologische Potenziale von Gebäuden in Holzbauweise. Bauphysik, 43, Article 3. https://doi.org/10.1002/bapi.202100011
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  BibTeX
  @article{https://doi.org/10.1002/bapi.202100011, abstract = {Abstract Aufgrund des hohen und zunehmenden Ressourcenverbrauchs von Gebäuden ist der Bausektor einer der Hauptverursacher von Umweltbelastungen. Als Folge dessen wächst die Aufmerksamkeit für ressourcenschonende und nachhaltige Werkstoffe, Konstruktionen und Lösungen. Holzbauweisen bieten hierbei zahlreiche ökologische und konstruktive Anknüpfungspunkte. Ihre spezifischen stofflichen, konstruktiven und fertigungstechnischen Merkmale sind bereits Gegenstand bauphysikalischer Untersuchungen, die sich aktuell mehr und mehr auf massive Holzbauteile sowie neue Impulse der Verarbeitungs- und Vorfertigungstechnik ausweiten. Im Rahmen einer ganzheitlichen Betrachtung werden in diesem Beitrag sowohl die wärme-, feuchte- und schalltechnischen als auch die ökologischen Eigenschaften von Flächenbauteilen in Holzrahmen- und Holzmassivbauweise gegenübergestellt. Im Vergleich mit Stahlbetonkonstruktionen wird gezeigt, dass die vorhandenen Daten und Methoden Planungsentscheidungen nach bauphysikalischen und ökologischen Kriterien unterstützen können. Zugleich werden Potenziale der Bauweisen erkennbar, die sich durch Weiterentwicklung einlösen lassen.}, author = {Müller, Theresa and Flemming, Daniela and Janowsky, Isabel and Di Bari, Roberta and Harder, Nadine and Leistner, Philip}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1002/bapi.202100011}, eprint = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/bapi.202100011}, journal = {Bauphysik}, number = 3, pages = {174-185}, title = {Bauphysikalische und ökologische Potenziale von Gebäuden in Holzbauweise}, url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/bapi.202100011}, volume = 43, year = 2021 }
  DOI
  https://doi.org/10.1002/bapi.202100011
4. Orozco, L., Krtschil, A., Wagner, H. J., Bechert, S., Amtsberg, F., Skoury, L., Knippers, J., & Menges, A. (2021). Design Methods for Variable Density, Multi-Directional Composite Timber Slab Systems for Multi-Storey. In V. Stojakovic & B. Tepavcevic (Eds.), Proceedings of the 39th eCAADe Conference (Vol. 1, pp. 303–312). Cumincad. http://papers.cumincad.org/cgi-bin/works/paper/ecaade2021_284
  - BibTeX
  BibTeX
  @inproceedings{Orozco2021, abstract = {This paper presents an agent-based method for the design of complex timber structures. This method features a multi-level agent simulation, that relies on a feedback loop between agent systems and structural simulations that update the agent environment. Such an approach can usefully be applied for the design of variable density timber slab systems, where material arrangements based on structural, fabrication, and architectural boundary conditions are necessary. Such arrangements can lead to multi-directional spanning slabs that can accept pointwise supports in unique layouts. We discuss the implementation of such a method on the basis of the structural design of a pavilion-scale multi-storey testing setup. The presented method enables a more versatile approach to the design of multi-storey timber buildings, which should increase their applicability to a diverse range of building typologies.}, address = {Novi Sad}, author = {Orozco, Luis and Krtschil, Anna and Wagner, Hans Jakob and Bechert, Simon and Amtsberg, Felix and Skoury, Lior and Knippers, Jan and Menges, Achim}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 39th eCAADe Conference}, editor = {Stojakovic, V and Tepavcevic, B}, file = {:C\:/Users/ac128044/Google Drive/ICD_Wagner/01_Publikationen/PUBLICATION_COLLECTION/2021_ECAADE_METHODS_SLAB_DESIGN.pdf:pdf}, pages = {303--312}, publisher = {Cumincad}, title = {Design Methods for Variable Density, Multi-Directional Composite Timber Slab Systems for Multi-Storey}, url = {http://papers.cumincad.org/cgi-bin/works/paper/ecaade2021_284}, volume = 1, year = 2021 }
5. Tapia, C., Stimpfle, L., & Aicher, S. (2021, August). A scalable column-CLT-slab connection for open-plan high-rise timber buildings. Proceedings of WCTE 2021 - World Conference on Timber Engineering.
  - BibTeX
  BibTeX
  @inproceedings{tapia_2021, abstract = {It is reported on first results regrading a novel column-to-slab connection suited for multi-storey timberbuildings. The emphasis is on the development of a new constructive solution for a scalable, bespoken connection type,which enables to overcome today’s rigid rectangular floor grid restrictions, thus enabling open-plan and flexible spacearchitecture. The paper firstly reveals some of the recent developments of column-to-slab solutions in engineered timberconstruction. Then the constructive detailing, the finite element based modelling and some test results of a bondedconnection, manufactured exclusively out of wood, are presented. The novel solution is based on specific orthogonallylayered and stepped inserts, based on laminated veneer lumber (LVL) from beech wood, which are bonded into preciselyfitting cavities in the CLT. The connection was developed within the frame of the Science Cluster of Excellence IntCDC(Integrated Computational Design and Construction for Architecture), allocated at the University of Stuttgart. }, address = {Santiago, Chile}, author = {Tapia, Cristóbal and Stimpfle, Lisa and Aicher, Simon}, booktitle = {Proceedings of WCTE 2021 - World Conference on Timber Engineering}, eventtitle = {World Conference on Timber Engineering}, month = {08}, title = {A scalable column-CLT-slab connection for open-plan high-rise timber buildings}, year = 2021 }
6. Wagner, H. J., Aicher, S., Balangé, L., Basalla, U., Schwieger, V., & Menges, A. (2021). Qualities of the Unique: Accuracy and Process-Control Management in Project-based Robotic Timber Construction. World Conference on Timber Engineering 2021 - WCTE 2021.
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  BibTeX
  @inproceedings{Wagner2021b, abstract = {Computational design and robotic fabrication open up novel possibilities for more resource efficient timber structures. These methods enable the production of tailor-made and differentiated building components that integrate design intention, robotic fabrication, structural performance, assembly logics and functional aspects but require advanced strategies to achieve and control production quality. We present methods to assure the quality control of the fast-paced production of the BUGA Wood Pavilion – a 500m² segmented wood shell structure - that was erected within 13 months from commission to opening. In this project, 376 bespoke hollow wood cassettes were robotically assembled, glued and milled to shapes. In order to achieve structurally performative tight-fit joints, minimal tolerances in the fabrication process needed to be achieved. Furthermore, the quality of the gluing interface, its tolerances, individual pressing forces, process- and environmental factors needed to be respected for the design and operation of robotic gluing processes to meet building regulations. New challenges arise for the design, management and control of production quality when co-dependent and integrated innovations are brought forward in respect to both building system as well as fabrication automation on a per- project level. Novel frameworks will need to be established that dwell on digital technologies for faster and more reliable process and quality control in timber construction. Acting as a catalyst, such mechanisms are of fundamental importance to enable rapid and continuous advancements in socio-culturally rooted project-based robotic timber construction.}, address = {Santiago, Chile}, author = {Wagner, Hans Jakob and Aicher, Simon and Balang{\'{e}}, Laura and Basalla, Urs and Schwieger, Volker and Menges, Achim}, booktitle = {World Conference on Timber Engineering 2021 - WCTE 2021}, file = {:C\:/Users/ac128044/Google Drive/ICD_Wagner/01_Publikationen/PUBLICATION_COLLECTION/2021_WCTE_QUALITIES_OF_UNIQUE.pdf:pdf}, title = {{Qualities of the Unique: Accuracy and Process-Control Management in Project-based Robotic Timber Construction}}, year = 2021 }
7. Wagner, H. J., Garufi, D., Schwinn, T., Wood, D. M., & Menges, A. (2021). Three-Dimensional Fibre Placement in Wood for connections and reinforcements in timber structures. In S. A. Behnejad, G. A. R. Parke, & O. A. Samavati (Eds.), Proceedings of the IASS Annual Symposium 2020/21 and the 7th International Conference on Spatial Structures. IASS.
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  BibTeX
  @inproceedings{Wagner2021, abstract = {In this paper we introduce a novel design to fabrication method called three-dimensional fibre placement in wood (3D-FPW) and demonstrate its applicability for lightweight hybrid timber structures. 3D-FPW allows for the joining and reinforcement through a combination of (1) minimally invasive subtractive CNC milling operations during the prefabrication of wooden building components and (2) the subsequent insertion of continuous fibrous materials to reinforce them and/or connect them on-site. Although natural fibres can be used for such technique, the presented work focuses on CFRP tows - that have a special advantage as they can be cured via electrical current in-place without oven or autoclave while the wood material acts both as insulator and formwork. The three-dimensional geometries of the discussed fibrous arrangements are hardly limited in their form which makes precise computational design strategies the cornerstone for an effective exploration, understanding and exploitation of the design potentials of such structures. We show how principal local stress-directions, fabrication specifications as well as design- and environmental considerations can be considered to form-find meaningful fibrous layouts within such structures. The proposed technique most notably creates novel performance-spectrums for sustainable, ultra-lightweight bespoke wood architecture by enabling tailor- made bending resistant on-site connections, that break free from added weight, expense and the intensive energy footprint of steel connectors. We further discuss our investigations within this framework through the prototypical fabrication of physical demonstrators that represent a comprehensive set of wood building system typologies: custom fibre-reinforced slab plates, a segmented plate shell structure and a polygonal lattice shell structure.}, author = {Wagner, Hans Jakob and Garufi, Dominga and Schwinn, Tobias and Wood, Dylan Marx and Menges, Achim}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the IASS Annual Symposium 2020/21 and the 7th International Conference on Spatial Structures}, editor = {Behnejad, S.A. and Parke, G.A.R. and Samavati, O.A.}, file = {:C\:/Users/ac128044/Google Drive/ICD_Wagner/01_Publikationen/1809_FIBRE_TIMBER/2107_IASS_Surrey/Paper Submission/IASS_3D_Fibre_Placement_in_Wood.pdf:pdf}, organization = {IASS }, title = {Three-Dimensional Fibre Placement in Wood for connections and reinforcements in timber structures}, venue = {Guilford (UK)}, year = 2021 }

OTHER PUBLICATIONS

2025
1. Tapia, C., Simon, K., Münzer, A., Stimpfle, L., & Aicher, S. (2025). Large-scale experiment of a new hollow-core timber slab system. 14th World Conference on Timber Engineering 2025 (WCTE 2025). https://doi.org/10.52202/080513-0561
  - BibTeX
  BibTeX
  @inproceedings{Tapia_2025a, address = {Brisbane, Australia}, author = {Tapia, Cristóbal and Simon, Kai and Münzer, Aaron and Stimpfle, Lisa and Aicher, Simon}, booktitle = {14th World Conference on Timber Engineering 2025 (WCTE 2025)}, doi = {10.52202/080513-0561}, publisher = {World Conference on Timber Engineering 2025}, title = {Large-scale experiment of a new hollow-core timber slab system}, url = {https://doi.org/10.52202/080513-0561}, year = 2025 }
2023
1. Cristóbal, T. Camú., Amtsberg, F., Münzer, A., Aicher, S., & Menges, A. (2023). Rotational Stiffness of Newly Developed LVL-based Column-Head Reinforcement for Point-Supported Slab-Column Building Systems. World Conference on Timber Engineering (WCTE 2023), 688–697. https://doi.org/10.52202/069179-0094
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  BibTeX
  @conference{cristobal2023rotational, address = {Oslo, Norway}, author = {Cristóbal, Tapia Camú. and Amtsberg, Felix and Münzer, Aaron and Aicher, Simon and Menges, Achim}, booktitle = {World Conference on Timber Engineering (WCTE 2023)}, doi = {10.52202/069179-0094}, pages = {688-697}, title = {Rotational Stiffness of Newly Developed LVL-based Column-Head Reinforcement for Point-Supported Slab-Column Building Systems}, year = 2023 }
2. Orozco, L., Wagner, H. J., Krtschil, A., Knippers, J., & Menges, A. (2023). Computational Segmentation Methods for the Material Efficient Co-Design of Point-Supported, Grid-Independent Floor Slabs in Timber Architecture. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4484710
  - BibTeX
  BibTeX
  @article{orozco2023computational, author = {Orozco, Luis and Wagner, Hans Jakob and Krtschil, Anna and Knippers, Jan and Menges, Achim}, doi = {10.2139/ssrn.4484710}, preprinturl = {https://ssrn.com/abstract=4484710}, title = { Computational Segmentation Methods for the Material Efficient Co-Design of Point-Supported, Grid-Independent Floor Slabs in Timber Architecture}, year = 2023 }
2022
1. Müller, T., & Di Bari, R. (2022). Akustisches Verhalten von Holzgeschossdecken ökologisch neu gestalten. In Fortschritte der Akustik - DAGA 2022. Deutsche Gesellschaft für Akustik e.V. (DEGA).
  - BibTeX
  BibTeX
  @misc{muller2022akustisches, abstract = {Die Erreichbarkeit der akustischen Qualität von Geschossdecken in Holzkonstruktionen stellt aufgrund der geringen Masse und Steifigkeit eine Herausforderung dar. Die für den Leichtbau typische erhöhte Schallübertragung im tieffrequenten Bereich kann zu Unbehagen bei den Nutzern führen. Optimierungsansätze ergeben oftmals suboptimale Lösungen, wie z.B. das Hinzufügen von zusätzlicher Masse und Steifigkeit in Form von Betonelementen. Diese Ansätze stehen im Widerspruch zu den modernen Ansprüchen im Bauwesen und der Architektur sowie zu den Vorteilen von Holz, die durch Nachhaltigkeit und geringes Eigengewicht charakterisiert sind. Im Gegensatz zum konventionellen Planungsprozess hat das Exzellenzcluster IntCDC an der Universität Stuttgart die Untersuchung von integrativen Ansätzen (Co-Design) als zentrale Zielsetzung. Dies soll die methodischen Grundlagen für eine Modernisierung des Bauschaffens legen. Mit einem Co-Design sowie unter Zuhilfenahme neuartiger digitaler Technologien und sowohl Entwurfs- als auch Planungstechniken können innovative Lösungskonzepte entwickelt werden, die das Schwingungsverhalten von Geschossdecken verbessern und die Umweltvorteile von Holz beibehalten. Dies ermöglicht die Betrachtung ökologischer Herausforderungen im Sinne eines ganzheitlichen und digitalen Planungsprozesses, um zur Schaffung einer qualitätsvollen und nachhaltig gebauten Umwelt beizutragen. Der Zusammenhang und die Wechselwirkung zwischen akustischer Performanz und der ökologischen Qualität von Holzdeckenkonstruktionen wird deutlich anhand eines Vergleiches mit konventionellen Deckenelementen aus Beton im Rahmen einer ganzheitlichen Untersuchung.}, author = {Müller, Theresa and Di Bari, Roberta}, booktitle = {Fortschritte der Akustik - DAGA 2022}, eventdate = {21.-24.03.2022}, organization = {Deutsche Gesellschaft für Akustik e.V. (DEGA) }, title = {Akustisches Verhalten von Holzgeschossdecken ökologisch neu gestalten}, year = 2022 }
2. Müller, T., & Leistner, P. (2022). Integrative Ansätze zur Schwingungsreduzierung von Holzgeschossdecken. In Fortschritte der Akustik - DAGA 2022. Deutsche Gesellschaft für Akustik e.V. (DEGA).
  - BibTeX
  BibTeX
  @misc{mullerintegrative, abstract = {Die Reduktion von Körperschall in Leichtbaukonstruktionen steht im Fokus aktueller bauphysikalischer Fragestellungen. Die Schallübertragung durch Trittschall weist bei derartigen Konstruktionsarten hohes Störpotential auf und stellt Beeinträchtigungen für den Nutzerkomfort dar. Besonders im Holzbau gilt daher der Vermeidung der typischen tieffrequenten Schallübertragung im Inneren von Gebäuden besondere Aufmerksamkeit. Herkömmliche Lösungen zielen auf das Aufbringen zusätzlicher Masse in Form von Schüttungen oder Beschwerungen auf Holzgeschossdecken ab, um die schallerzeugenden Schwingungen der Strukturen zu reduzieren. Im Rahmen der Untersuchung von integrativen Ansätzen als eine der Zielsetzungen des Exzellenzclusters IntCDC an der Universität Stuttgart, stehen mithilfe interdisziplinarer Planungsansätze und digitaler Technologien neue Methoden zur Verfügung, die die Entwurfskonzepte von Architektur und Bauwesen modernisieren und das dynamische Tragverhalten aus akustischer und struktureller Sicht frühzeitig im Planungsprozess berücksichtigen. In Kombination mit modernen robotergestützten Fertigungsund Verarbeitungsmöglichkeiten können potentielle Lösungen realisiert werden, die im Vergleich zu herkömmlichen schwingungsreduzierenden Maßnahmen weniger zusätzliche Masse und verschiedenartige Materialien benötigen.}, address = {Stuttgart}, author = {Müller, Theresa and Leistner, Philip}, booktitle = {Fortschritte der Akustik - DAGA 2022}, organization = {Deutsche Gesellschaft für Akustik e.V. (DEGA) }, title = {Integrative Ansätze zur Schwingungsreduzierung von Holzgeschossdecken}, year = 2022 }
3. Simon, K., & Aicher, S. (2022). Reinforced Rigid Glulam Joints with Glued-in Rods Subjected to Axial and Lateral Force Action. International Network on Timber Engineering Research, 185–201.
  - BibTeX
  BibTeX
  @inproceedings{simon2022reinforced, address = {Bad Aibling, Germany}, author = {Simon, Kai and Aicher, Simon}, booktitle = {International Network on Timber Engineering Research}, pages = {185-201}, title = {Reinforced Rigid Glulam Joints with Glued-in Rods Subjected to Axial and Lateral Force Action}, year = 2022 }
4. Wagner, H. J. (2022). Digitale Fabrikation: Was bringt uns die Zukunft? In 2. Internationaler Kongress Holzbau: Technik+Wirtschaft (HTW) (pp. 91–102). FORUM HOLZBAU.
  - BibTeX
  BibTeX
  @incollection{Wagner2022, address = {Memmingen}, author = {Wagner, Hans Jakob}, booktitle = {2. Internationaler Kongress Holzbau: Technik+Wirtschaft (HTW)}, file = {:G\:/Other computers/My Laptop/LEBEN/WORK/04_ICD/01_Publikationen/PUBLICATION_COLLECTION/2022_FORUM_HBW_Wagner.pdf:pdf}, isbn = {978-3-906226-43-9}, pages = {91--102}, publisher = {FORUM HOLZBAU}, title = {{Digitale Fabrikation: Was bringt uns die Zukunft?}}, year = 2022 }
2021
1. Aicher, S., Zisi, N., & Simon, K. (2021). Screw-gluing of ribbed timber elements – Effects of screw spacing and plate stiffness on bond line cramping pressure. In Otto Graf Journal (Vol. 20, pp. 9–38). Otto-Graf-Institute (FMPA), University of Stuttgart. https://www.mpa.uni-stuttgart.de/institut/publikationen/otto-graf-journal/
  - BibTeX
  BibTeX
  @incollection{aicher2021screwgluing, address = {Stuttgart, Germany}, author = {Aicher, Simon and Zisi, Nikola and Simon, Kai}, booktitle = {Otto Graf Journal}, pages = {9–38}, publisher = {Otto-Graf-Institute (FMPA), University of Stuttgart}, title = {Screw-gluing of ribbed timber elements – Effects of screw spacing and plate stiffness on bond line cramping pressure}, url = {https://www.mpa.uni-stuttgart.de/institut/publikationen/otto-graf-journal/}, volume = 20, year = 2021 }
2. Claus, M., Tapia, C., & Aicher, S. (2021). Bond line characteristics of new edge connections of cross-laminated timber in the weak direction based on milled profiled connection plates from laminated veneer lumber made of beech. Otto Graf Journal, 20, 39–60.
  - BibTeX
  BibTeX
  @article{Claus_2021, author = {Claus, Marian and Tapia, Cristóbal and Aicher, Simon}, editor = {Garrecht, H. and Reinhardt, H. W. and Mielich, O.}, journal = {Otto Graf Journal}, location = {Stuttgart, Germany}, pages = {39--60}, publisher = {Otto-Graf-Institute (FMPA), University of Stuttgart}, title = {Bond line characteristics of new edge connections of cross-laminated timber in the weak direction based on milled profiled connection plates from laminated veneer lumber made of beech}, volume = 20, year = 2021 }
2020
1. Stimpfle, L. (2020). Skalierbarer Stützen-Decken-Anschluss mit eingeklebten Furnierschichtholz-Verstärkungen für mehrgeschossige Holzbauten --- Detaillierung, Berechnung, Versuche.
  - BibTeX
  BibTeX
  @mastersthesis{stimpfle_2020, address = {Stuttgart, Germany}, author = {Stimpfle, Lisa}, institution = {University of Stuttgart}, title = {Skalierbarer Stützen-Decken-Anschluss mit eingeklebten Furnierschichtholz-Verstärkungen für mehrgeschossige Holzbauten --- Detaillierung, Berechnung, Versuche}, year = 2020 }
2. Tapia, C., Stimpfle, L., & Aicher, S. (2020). A new column-to-slab connection for multi-storey timber buildings. Otto Graf Journal, 19, 297–317.
  - BibTeX
  BibTeX
  @article{Tapia_2020, abstract = {It is reported on first results regrading a novel column-to-slab connection suited for multi-storey timber buildings. The emphasis is on the development of a new constructive solution for a scalable, bespoken connection type, which enables to overcome today's rigid rectangular floor grid restrictions, thus enabling open-plan and flexible space architecture. The paper firstly reveals some of the recent developments of column-to-slab solutions in engineered timber construction. Then the constructive detailing, the finite element based modelling and some test results of a bonded connection, manufactured exclusively out of wood, are presented. The novel solution is based on specific orthogonally layered and stepped inserts, based on laminated veneer lumber (LVL) from beech wood, which are bonded into precisely fitting cavities in the CLT. The connection enables a multidirectional load transfer, being a prime requisite to enable biaxial plate action of the CLT elements, which span today almost exclusively uniaxially in their strong direction. The detailing and foremost the manufacture of the developed connection relies essentially on high precision CNC milling, which plays a key role in advanced timber connection solutions. This is especially true for the case of bonded connections which require very small tolerances. The novel connection was developed within the frame of the Science Cluster of Excellence IntCDC (Integrated Computational Design and Construction for Architecture), allocated at the University of Stuttgart.}, author = {Tapia, Cristobal and Stimpfle, Lisa and Aicher, Simon}, editor = {Garrecht, H. and Reinhardt, H. W. and Mielich, O.}, issn = {0938-409X}, journal = {Otto Graf Journal}, location = {Stuttgart, Germany}, pages = {297--317}, publisher = {Otto-Graf-Institute (FMPA), University of Stuttgart}, title = {A new column-to-slab connection for multi-storey timber buildings}, volume = 19, year = 2020 }

DATA SETS

2025
1. Müller, T., Wagner, H. J., Menges, A., & Leistner, P. (2025). Replication Data for: Concept and Development of a Novel Timber Spring for Impact Sound Reduction in Timber Floor Slabs [DaRUS]. https://doi.org/10.18419/DARUS-5110
  - BibTeX
  BibTeX
  @dataset{DARUS-5110_2025, author = {Müller, Theresa and Wagner, Hans Jakob and Menges, Achim and Leistner, Philip}, doi = {10.18419/DARUS-5110}, publisher = {DaRUS}, title = {{Replication Data for: Concept and Development of a Novel Timber Spring for Impact Sound Reduction in Timber Floor Slabs}}, url = {https://doi.org/10.18419/DARUS-5110}, version = {V1}, year = 2025 }
2024
1. Krtschil, A., Orozco, L., Shah, A., Chen, T.-Y., Menges, A., & Knippers, J. (2024). Replication Data for: Structural development of a novel punctually supported timber building system for multi-storey construction : Experimental Data: Tension Tests of the Edge Connection. https://doi.org/10.18419/darus-4166
  - BibTeX
  BibTeX
  @misc{krtschil2024replication, abstract = {This dataset contains the experimental data of the tension tests of a stepped 3-layer Cross-Laminated Timber (CLT) connection that is described in the related publication. The dataset contains load and displacement values. The stepped edge connection is tested for different horizontal connection angles: 0, 30, 50 and 80 degrees. Three specimen (a, b, c) are tested per connection angle. }, affiliation = {Krtschil, Anna/Universität Stuttgart, Orozco, Luis/Universität Stuttgart, Shah, Anand/Universität Stuttgart, Chen, Tzu-Ying/Universität Stuttgart, Menges, Achim/Universität Stuttgart, Knippers, Jan/Universität Stuttgart}, author = {Krtschil, Anna and Orozco, Luis and Shah, Anand and Chen, Tzu-Ying and Menges, Achim and Knippers, Jan}, doi = {10.18419/darus-4166}, howpublished = {Dataset}, note = {Related to: Anna Krtschil, Luis Orozco, Simon Bechert, Hans Jakob Wagner, Felix Amtsberg, Tzu-Ying Chen, Anand Shah, Achim Menges, Jan Knippers, "Structural development of a novel punctually supported timber building system for multi-storey construction", Journal of Building Engineering, Volume 58, 2022, pages 104972. doi: 10.1016/j.jobe.2022.104972}, orcid-numbers = {Krtschil, Anna/0000-0002-1407-5420, Orozco, Luis/0000-0003-0665-8527, Shah, Anand/0009-0004-4779-2372, Chen, Tzu-Ying/0000-0002-1993-6306, Menges, Achim/0000-0001-9055-4039, Knippers, Jan/0000-0002-6683-8004}, title = {Replication Data for: Structural development of a novel punctually supported timber building system for multi-storey construction : Experimental Data: Tension Tests of the Edge Connection}, year = 2024 }
2. Müller, T., Krtschil, A., & Leistner, P. (2024). Replication Data for: Structural and acoustic behavior of a timber slab with wooden tuned mass dampers [DaRUS]. https://doi.org/10.18419/darus-3995
  - BibTeX
  BibTeX
  @dataset{darus-3995_2024, author = {Müller, Theresa and Krtschil, Anna and Leistner, Philip}, doi = {10.18419/darus-3995}, publisher = {DaRUS}, title = {Replication Data for: Structural and acoustic behavior of a timber slab with wooden tuned mass dampers}, unf = {UNF:6:62r5i2gvHXdCEYYBtRDx4w==}, url = {https://doi.org/10.18419/darus-3995}, version = {V1}, year = 2024 }
3. Opgenorth, N. (2024). FabFramework.Core: Task-Based Robotic Fabrication Framework. https://doi.org/10.18419/darus-4600
  - BibTeX
  BibTeX
  @dataset{opgenorth2024fabframeworkcore, abstract = {FabFramework is designed around a Task-Based Fabrication methodology, which transforms digital design models into sequential, data-driven robotic tasks. This approach ensures precise fabrication operations through simulation and predefined parameters, following a three-step process. The framework begins with the Design layer, where the user design model is converted into a model consisting of beams and plates with defined geometric attributes. The Fab layer builds on this by adjusting these elements to fit specific fabrication requirements, such as positioning, assembly sequence, and alignment within the robotic workspace. This layer also accommodates unique connection methods and robotic adjustments. Finally, the Task layer sequences the robot’s actions—like picking, placing, and tool changes—to streamline assembly, with frame-based tasks for precise movements and non-frame-based tasks for simpler actions. FabFramework is setup to be integrated with the ICD Virtual Robot Grasshopper Plugin, allowing users to simulate and verify the entire fabrication process digitally before fabrication. }, affiliation = {Opgenorth, Nils/Universität Stuttgart}, author = {Opgenorth, Nils}, doi = {10.18419/darus-4600}, howpublished = {DaRUS}, orcid-numbers = {Opgenorth, Nils/0009-0008-7209-4903}, title = {FabFramework.Core: Task-Based Robotic Fabrication Framework}, type = {Software}, year = 2024 }
4. Orozco, L., Krtschil, A., Skoury, L., Knippers, J., & Menges, A. (2024). Reinforcement Arrangement Data [DaRUS]. https://doi.org/10.18419/darus-4181
  - BibTeX
  BibTeX
  @dataset{darus-4181_2024, author = {Orozco, Luis and Krtschil, Anna and Skoury, Lior and Knippers, Jan and Menges, Achim}, doi = {10.18419/darus-4181}, publisher = {DaRUS}, title = {Reinforcement Arrangement Data}, url = {https://doi.org/10.18419/darus-4181}, version = {V1}, year = 2024 }
5. Orozco, L., Siriwardena, L., & Menges, A. (2024). ABxM.MultiStorey.Columns: Agent-based Column Arrangement for Multi-Storey Structures [DaRUS]. https://doi.org/10.18419/darus-4171
  - BibTeX
  BibTeX
  @dataset{orozco2024abxmmultistoreycolumns, abstract = {ABxM.MultiStorey.Columns is an add-on for the agent-based design and arrangement of columns in multi-storey, point-supported structures. The add-on contains various agent system constructs and utilities for column arrangement and is intended to be used within Rhino/Grasshopper. This version contains tools for the autonomous self-organisation of point-wise structural supports. The package includes example files that demonstrate how a model of an agent-based floor can arrange its own columns and exclude them from certain areas of the slab.The database contains the source code for the ABxM.MultiStorey.Columns add-on to the ABxM Framework. By opening the ICL.sln solution in the Visual Studio IDE, both the ICL.Core and ICL.GH projects can be compiled to generate a grasshopper plugin for the add-in. The add-in contains three specialsied behaviours and a custom agent system, which are to be used in conjunction with the canonical ABxM Cartesian Agents and Cartesian Environment objects. Example file, in the form of a Rhino 3D BasePlan and a grasshopper script implementing the add-in are provided in the “data” folder. }, affiliation = {Orozco, Luis/Universität Stuttgart, Siriwardena, Lasath/Universität Stuttgart, Menges, Achim/Universität Stuttgart}, author = {Orozco, Luis and Siriwardena, Lasath and Menges, Achim}, doi = {10.18419/darus-4171}, howpublished = {Software}, orcid-numbers = {Orozco, Luis/0000-0003-0665-8527, Siriwardena, Lasath/0000-0001-9100-1321, Menges, Achim/0000-0001-9055-4039}, publisher = {DaRUS}, title = {ABxM.MultiStorey.Columns: Agent-based Column Arrangement for Multi-Storey Structures}, year = 2024 }
6. Orozco, L., Skoury, L., & Menges, A. (2024). Multi-Level, Multi-Agent Timber Slab Design Method Proof of Concept [DaRUS]. https://doi.org/10.18419/darus-4170
  - BibTeX
  BibTeX
  @dataset{orozco2024multilevel, abstract = {This repository contains the algorithmic methods and geometric results of the proof of concept for a multi-level, multi-agent timber slab design method. It includes the base plan, the structural simulation methods used for both its initial rough and subsequent fine grain analysis, the algorithm for its segmentation, and the two agent simulations used to first arrange, and then simplify, the slabs' internal structural reinforcement.This design method is described in the related publication. To use this design method, first the 00_BaseFile must be opened with Rhino 3D. It can then be structurally analysed from within the grasshopper environment using 01_SofistikAnalsys. The result of the rough analysis, provided, can then be used for the segmentation of the slab within this same file. Once segmented, the slab can be analysed again. The result of the fine analysis, provided, can then be fed to 02_SplotchWeb_Generate to arrange the slab’s internal reinforcement. }, affiliation = {Orozco, Luis/Universität Stuttgart, Skoury, Lior/Universität Stuttgart, Menges, Achim/Universität Stuttgart}, author = {Orozco, Luis and Skoury, Lior and Menges, Achim}, doi = {10.18419/darus-4170}, howpublished = {Software}, note = {Related to: Orozco, L., Krtschil, A., Wagner, H. J., Bechert, S., Amtsberg, F., Skoury, L., Knippers, J., & Menges, A. (2021). Design Methods for Variable Density, Multi-Directional Composite Timber Slab Systems for Multi-Storey Construction. In V. Stojaković & B. Tepavčević (Chairs), Towards a New, Configurable Architecture. Symposium conducted at the meeting of Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia. doi: 10.52842/conf.ecaade.2021.1.303}, orcid-numbers = {Orozco, Luis/0000-0003-0665-8527, Skoury, Lior/0000-0002-2835-827X, Menges, Achim/0000-0001-9055-4039}, publisher = {DaRUS}, title = {Multi-Level, Multi-Agent Timber Slab Design Method Proof of Concept}, year = 2024 }
7. Udaykumar, K., Orozco, L., Krtschil, A., Menges, A., & Knippers, J. (2024). Timber Column Slab Solver [DaRUS]. https://doi.org/10.18419/darus-4172
  - BibTeX
  BibTeX
  @dataset{udaykumar2024timber, abstract = {This dataset contains an agent-based exploration of the design space for modular slab and column systems. The primary objective is to equip designers with the ability to pinpoint structural configurations that adhere to Serviceability Limit State (SLS) deflection criteria from the beginning of the design process. The methods represent an innovative design methodology aimed at discovering configurations that minimize environmental impact through strategic column-slab positioning and dimensioning, all while satisfying SLS deflection standards. To facilitate this approach, a guidance-based real-time Finite Element Analysis (FEA) feedback design tool has been developed, allowing for the empirical validation of the proposed method. The database contains the source code for the ICL plugin, built on top of the ABxM Framework. By opening the ICL.sln solution in the Visual Studio IDE, both the ICL.Core and ICL.GH projects can be compiled to generate a grasshopper plugin. The ICL plugin can then be used in conjunction with the ABxM canonical example files to create agents, give them behaviours, combine them into an agent system, assign it an environment, and finally run the simulation using the ICL Solver. Example files are provided in the “data” folder. }, affiliation = {Udaykumar, Keerthana/Universität Stuttgart, Orozco, Luis/Universität Stuttgart, Krtschil, Anna/Universität Stuttgart, Menges, Achim/Universität Stuttgart, Knippers, Jan/Universität Stuttgart}, author = {Udaykumar, Keerthana and Orozco, Luis and Krtschil, Anna and Menges, Achim and Knippers, Jan}, doi = {10.18419/darus-4172}, howpublished = {Software}, note = {Related to: Udaykumar, K., Orozco, L., Krtschil, A., Menges, A., & Knippers, J. (2023). Interactive gradient-decent optimization method for timber column-slab structures. In Proceedings of IASS Annual Symposia, IASS 2023 Melbourne Symposium: Optimisation methods and applications. International Association for Shell and Spatial Structures (IASS). url: https://www.ingentaconnect.com/contentone/iass/piass/2023/00002023/00000008/art00010}, orcid-numbers = {Udaykumar, Keerthana/0000-0003-0427-2815, Orozco, Luis/0000-0003-0665-8527, Krtschil, Anna/0000-0002-1407-5420, Menges, Achim/0000-0001-9055-4039, Knippers, Jan/0000-0002-6683-8004}, publisher = {DaRUS}, title = {Timber Column Slab Solver}, year = 2024 }
2023
1. Orozco, L., Krtschil, A., Wagner, H.-J., Knippers, J., & Menges, A. (2023). Floor Plate Segmentation Data [DaRUS]. https://doi.org/10.18419/darus-3539
  - BibTeX
  BibTeX
  @dataset{orozco2023floor, abstract = {This repository contains the geometric results of six developed computational floor plate segmentation methods as applied to sixteen example floor plans. It includes the floor plate boundaries, column locations, and plate edges for each resulting segmentation, as well as the geometry results of their respective nesting studies. This data set offers geometric information from which quantitative values can be extracted for the comparison of these segmentation methods. This repository also contains the input files for the structural simulation in Sofistik 2020 of six developed segmentation methods applied to 16 Case Studies. }, affiliation = {Orozco, Luis/Universität Stuttgart, Krtschil, Anna/Universität Stuttgart, Wagner, Hans Jakob/Universität Stuttgart, Knippers, Jan/Universität Stuttgart, Menges, Achim/Universität Stuttgart}, author = {Orozco, Luis and Krtschil, Anna and Wagner, Hans-Jakob and Knippers, Jan and Menges, Achim}, doi = {10.18419/darus-3539}, howpublished = {Dataset}, note = {Related to: Orozco, L., Wagner, H. J., Krtschil, A., Knippers, J., & Menges, A. (2023). Computational segmentation methods for the material efficient Co-Design of point-supported, grid-independent floor slabs in timber architecture. CAD Journal(x), Submitted for Pre-Print}, orcid-numbers = {Orozco, Luis/0000-0003-0665-8527, Krtschil, Anna/0000-0002-1407-5420, Wagner, Hans Jakob/0000-0001-8600-8481, Knippers, Jan/0000-0002-6683-8004, Menges, Achim/0000-0001-9055-4039}, publisher = {DaRUS}, title = {Floor Plate Segmentation Data}, year = 2023 }
2. Tapia Camu, C. A., & Aicher, S. (2023). Replication Data for: A new concept for column-to-column connections for multi-storey timber buildings - Numerical and experimental investigations [DaRUS]. https://doi.org/10.18419/darus-3318
  - BibTeX
  BibTeX
  @dataset{tapiacamu2023replication, abstract = {This repository contains the experimental data of the tests described in the paper, as well as the python scripts used for the analysis of the data. Also, the finite element model in form of an Abaqus python script is included. }, affiliation = {Tapia Camú, Cristóbal/University of Stuttgart, Aicher, Simon/University of Stuttgart}, author = {Tapia Camu, Cristobal Arnoldo and Aicher, Simon}, doi = {10.18419/darus-3318}, howpublished = {Dataset}, note = {Related to: C. Tapia and S. Aicher (2023), A new concept for column-to-column connections for multi-storey timber buildings - Numerical and experimental investigations, Engineering Structures, (in review)}, orcid-numbers = {Tapia Camú, Cristóbal/0000-0003-2228-1686, Aicher, Simon/0000-0003-1759-9884}, publisher = {DaRUS}, title = {Replication Data for: A new concept for column-to-column connections for multi-storey timber buildings - Numerical and experimental investigations}, year = 2023 }
2022
1. Abdelaal, M., Schiele, N. D., Angerbauer, K., Kurzhals, K., Sedlmair, M., & Weiskopf, D. (2022). Supplemental Materials for: Comparative Evaluation of Bipartite, Node-Link, and Matrix-Based Network Representations [DaRUS]. https://doi.org/10.18419/DARUS-3100
  - BibTeX
  BibTeX
  @dataset{https://doi.org/10.18419/darus-3100, author = {Abdelaal, Moataz and Schiele, Nathan Daniel and Angerbauer, Katrin and Kurzhals, Kuno and Sedlmair, Michael and Weiskopf, Daniel}, doi = {10.18419/DARUS-3100}, publisher = {DaRUS}, title = {Supplemental Materials for: Comparative Evaluation of Bipartite, Node-Link, and Matrix-Based Network Representations}, url = {https://darus.uni-stuttgart.de/citation?persistentId=doi:10.18419/darus-3100}, year = 2022 }
2. Nguyen, L., Schwinn, T., Groenewolt, A., Maierhofer, M., Zorn, M. B., Stieler, D., Siriwardena, L., Kannenberg, F., & Menges, A. (2022). ABxM.Core: The Core Libraries of the ABxM Framework. https://doi.org/10.18419/darus-2994
  - BibTeX
  BibTeX
  @dataset{nguyen2022abxmcore, abstract = {The ABxM.Core consists of the agent core library ABxM.Core and an interoperability library for Rhino 6 and later versions. ABxM.Core implements the functionality specific to agent-based modelling and simulation. The core library can, in principle, be referenced from any application that is compatible with McNeel’s Rhino.Inside technology.ABxM.Core defines four base classes for behaviors, agents, agent systems, and environments, and the Solver class. In addition to the base classes, the core library provides implementations for Vector-based systems called “Boid” (in reference to Craig Reynolds’ Boids), point-based systems called “Cartesian”, matrix-based systems (2d and 3d), mesh systems, and network systems. The necessary agent, system, environment, and behavior classes are derived from the corresponding base classes.Instructions for the use of the source code are included in the file "ABxM.Core-Further_instructions.pdf".}, affiliation = {Nguyen, Long/University of Stuttgart, Schwinn, Tobias/University of Stuttgart, Groenewolt, Abel/University of Stuttgart, Maierhofer, Mathias/University of Stuttgart, Zorn, Max Benjamin/University of Stuttgart, Stieler, David/University of Stuttgart, Siriwardena, Lasath/University of Stuttgart, Kannenberg, Fabian/University of Stuttgart, Menges, Achim/University of Stuttgart}, author = {Nguyen, Long and Schwinn, Tobias and Groenewolt, Abel and Maierhofer, Mathias and Zorn, Max Benjamin and Stieler, David and Siriwardena, Lasath and Kannenberg, Fabian and Menges, Achim}, doi = {10.18419/darus-2994}, howpublished = {Software}, note = {Related to: Groenewolt, A., Schwinn, T., Nguyen, L., & Menges, A. (2018). An interactive agent-based framework for materialization-informed architectural design. Swarm Intelligence, 12(2), 155-186. doi: 10.1007/s11721-017-0151-8}, orcid-numbers = {Schwinn, Tobias/0000-0003-4974-9808, Groenewolt, Abel/0000-0002-0914-6474, Maierhofer, Mathias/0000-0002-0773-7107, Zorn, Max Benjamin/0000-0003-0109-1963, Stieler, David/0000-0002-3854-0016, Siriwardena, Lasath/0000-0001-9100-1321, Kannenberg, Fabian/0000-0003-0316-1769, Menges, Achim/0000-0001-9055-4039}, title = {ABxM.Core: The Core Libraries of the ABxM Framework}, year = 2022 }
3. Orozco, L., Svatoš-Ražnjević, H., & Menges, A. (2022). Stakeholders in Multi-storey Timber Data: 540 Design and Construction Players of 300 Mass-Timber Projects from 2000-2021 [DaRUS]. https://doi.org/10.18419/DARUS-2740
  - BibTeX
  BibTeX
  @dataset{orozco2022stakeholders, author = {Orozco, Luis and Svatoš-Ražnjević, Hana and Menges, Achim}, doi = {10.18419/DARUS-2740}, publisher = {DaRUS}, title = {Stakeholders in Multi-storey Timber Data: 540 Design and Construction Players of 300 Mass-Timber Projects from 2000-2021}, url = {https://darus.uni-stuttgart.de/citation?persistentId=doi:10.18419/darus-2740}, year = 2022 }
4. Tapia Camu, C. A., & Claus, M. (2022). Replication Models for: A finger-joint based edge connection for the weak direction of CLT plates. https://doi.org/10.18419/darus-1259
  - BibTeX
  BibTeX
  @dataset{tapiacamu2022replication, abstract = {This repository contains the implementation of the analytical and numerical models described and used in the paper to model the developed edge connection for CLT plates in the weak direction. The connection was developed within the frame of the cluster "Integrative Computational Design and Construction for Architecture" (IntCDC) of the University of Stuttgart. }, affiliation = {Tapia Camú, Cristóbal/University of Stuttgart, Claus, Marian/University of Stuttgart}, author = {Tapia Camu, Cristobal Arnoldo and Claus, Marian}, doi = {10.18419/darus-1259}, howpublished = {Software}, note = {Related to: Tapia, C., Claus, M., Aicher, S. (2022), A finger-joint based edge connection for the weak direction of CLT plates, Construction and Building Materials, Vol. 340, 127645. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.127645}, orcid-numbers = {Tapia Camú, Cristóbal/0000-0003-2228-1686, Claus, Marian/0000-0002-2349-9567}, title = {Replication Models for: A finger-joint based edge connection for the weak direction of CLT plates}, year = 2022 }
2021
1. Tapia Camú, C., & Claus, M. (2021). Experimental data for: A finger-joint based edge connection for the weak direction of CLT plates [DaRUS]. https://doi.org/10.18419/darus-1344
  - BibTeX
  BibTeX
  @dataset{tapiacamu2021experimental, abstract = {This repository contains the experimental data collected for the newly developed plate-to-plate connection during the Master's Thesis of Marian Claus. The data corresponds to the two different connection geometries, tested under two different loading conditions: (i) pure bending and (ii) shear bending conditions. For all the experiments, global and local displacements were measured, as well as numerous strain measurements by means of strain gauges.}, affiliation = {Tapia Camú, Cristóbal/University of Stuttgart, Claus, Marian/University of Stuttgart}, author = {Tapia Camú, Cristóbal and Claus, Marian}, doi = {10.18419/darus-1344}, howpublished = {Dataset}, note = {Related to: Tapia, C., Claus, M., Aicher, S. (2022), A finger-joint based edge connection for the weak direction of CLT plates, Construction and Building Materials, Vol. 340, 127645. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.127645}, orcid-numbers = {Tapia Camú, Cristóbal/0000-0003-2228-1686, Claus, Marian/0000-0002-2349-9567}, publisher = {DaRUS}, title = {Experimental data for: A finger-joint based edge connection for the weak direction of CLT plates}, year = 2021 }
2. Tapia Camú, C., Claus, M., & Aicher, S. (2021). Replication Data for: Bond line characteristics of a new screw-glued edge connection for the secondary load-bearing direction of CLT plates. https://doi.org/10.18419/darus-2153
  - BibTeX
  BibTeX
  @dataset{tapiacamu2021replication, abstract = {This repository contains experimental data obtained from block shear tests performed on the bond surfaces of the connection for CLT plates presented in a related paper. Additional to the recorded shear strengths, the thickness of the bond surface was recorded at different locations, which was used to create a 2D contour plot of the thickness distribution throughout the bond surface. The python scripts used for the analysis of the data are provided.}, affiliation = {Tapia Camú, Cristóbal/University of Stuttgart, Claus, Marian/University of Stuttgart, Aicher, Simon/University of Stuttgart}, author = {Tapia Camú, Cristóbal and Claus, Marian and Aicher, Simon}, doi = {10.18419/darus-2153}, howpublished = {Dataset}, note = {Related to: Claus, M., Tapia, C., Aicher, S. (2021), Bond line characteristics of a new screw-glued edge connection for the secondary load-bearing direction of CLT plates, Otto-Graf-Journal, Vol. 20, Materials Testing Institute, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany}, orcid-numbers = {Tapia Camú, Cristóbal/0000-0003-2228-1686, Claus, Marian/0000-0002-2349-9567, Aicher, Simon/0000-0003-1759-9884}, title = {Replication Data for: Bond line characteristics of a new screw-glued edge connection for the secondary load-bearing direction of CLT plates}, year = 2021 }

Philippe Grönquist

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Achim Menges

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Doris Österreicher

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Resource-efficient and Circular Timber Building System

RESOURCE-EFFICIENT AND CIRCULAR TIMBER BUILDING SYSTEM FOR NEW CONSTRUCTION AND EXISTING BUILDING STOCK EXTENSION

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